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          <h2 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">天府大讲堂：5G时代的物联网发展趋势与产业变革
              
            
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        <blockquote>
<p>摘要：国家973物联网首席科学家，中科院上海微系统与信息技术研究所副所长，无锡物联网产业研究院院长刘海涛教授讲授的5G时代的物联网发展趋势与产业变革意义深刻。作者根据<code>天府大讲堂</code>听讲内容加工整理所得，旨在进行学术交流使用，严禁商业炒作和不法行为。（本文原创，转载必须注明出处.）</p>
</blockquote>
<a id="more"></a>
<h2 id="1-特邀嘉宾-物联网首席科学家刘海涛"><a href="#1-特邀嘉宾-物联网首席科学家刘海涛" class="headerlink" title="1 特邀嘉宾:物联网首席科学家刘海涛"></a>1 特邀嘉宾:物联网首席科学家刘海涛</h2><blockquote>
<p> <a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%88%98%E6%B5%B7%E6%B6%9B/7595832?fr=aladdin" target="_blank" rel="noopener">刘海涛</a>，国家973物联网首席科学家，中科院上海微系统与信息技术研究所副所长，无锡物联网产业研究院院长，国家中长期科技发展规划03专项“新一代宽带无线移动通信网”总体组专家，国家传感网标准化工作组组长，国家物联网产业技术联盟筹备组组长。</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="2-物联网的发展"><a href="#2-物联网的发展" class="headerlink" title="2 物联网的发展"></a>2 物联网的发展</h2><h3 id="2-1-物联网与互联网的输入方式"><a href="#2-1-物联网与互联网的输入方式" class="headerlink" title="2.1 物联网与互联网的输入方式"></a>2.1 物联网与互联网的输入方式</h3><p>物联网大家都耳熟能详，谈及物联网绕不开要互联网，互联网大家并不陌生，互联互通。其数据输入方式主要是人为输入。而物联网的数据输入方式则与之不同，主要是自动采集。两者有何区别呢？大家都知道人为输入数据存在很多问题，比如：手误的输入、数据篡改、数据欺诈等等。典型的案例就是电信网络诈骗问题，导致社会失信问题，这里就凸显出互联网的负面因素。而物联网则是数据自动输入，客观上避免上述情况存在。诸如下面的案例：</p>
<p><code>我们尝试得到我悬挂在手上苹果手机的质量</code></p>
<ul>
<li>互联网方式：数据的输入</li>
<li>物联网数据：根据材料属性、长度、宽度、摇摆角度等等真实数据。最终分析出一个结果</li>
</ul>
<p>不怀好意的即使篡改，也不可能考虑到每个维度和角度，从而带来数据真实性。</p>
<h3 id="2-2-物联网与互联网的服务方式"><a href="#2-2-物联网与互联网的服务方式" class="headerlink" title="2.2 物联网与互联网的服务方式"></a>2.2 物联网与互联网的服务方式</h3><ul>
<li>互联网其实可以称之为<code>共享系统</code>，主要前期搞互联网的那一拨人通信出身才有了这个名字，本质上还是数据共享的。其宗旨是数据服务或者叫着信息服务。</li>
<li>物联网则是<code>事件服务</code>。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="2-3-物联网与互联网的思维方式"><a href="#2-3-物联网与互联网的思维方式" class="headerlink" title="2.3 物联网与互联网的思维方式"></a>2.3 物联网与互联网的思维方式</h3><ul>
<li>互联网的思维是具备清晰逻辑性的，做一件事情先做A再做B后做C都是明确的，即A-&gt;B-&gt;C…具备主观性和确定性。</li>
<li>物联网则是不确定性思维。（举例如下）</li>
</ul>
<p><code>偷手机事件</code></p>
<p>假如某个坏人想偷你的手机，需要先确定好日期，某年某月。再指定好地点，实验室还是车上等等。还有风速多少，阴雨天等等。进房间左脚踢开门还是右脚。等等这些客观环境都是不确定的。从而也解释了上文<code>物联网服务事件</code>。</p>
<h3 id="2-4-物联网与互联网的本质区别"><a href="#2-4-物联网与互联网的本质区别" class="headerlink" title="2.4 物联网与互联网的本质区别"></a>2.4 物联网与互联网的本质区别</h3><p>物联网和互联网本质上区别在于：</p>
<ul>
<li>互联网：本质上就是数据信息共享</li>
<li>智能化：本质上就是仿人类思维</li>
<li>物联网：本质上就是仿团队协作思维</li>
</ul>
<p>智能化只是物联网的一个节点，其将各个节点联合起来就形成了具备有协同、有组织、有纪律的团队协作。</p>
<h3 id="2-5-传感器与物联网"><a href="#2-5-传感器与物联网" class="headerlink" title="2.5 传感器与物联网"></a>2.5 传感器与物联网</h3><p>有些人认为物联网就是智能化，智能化就具备感知，传感器恰好就是物联网。这种观点是错误的，首先我们类比电脑，识别一个水杯，将水杯转化为电流形式分析处理的，而人的眼睛看到水杯，也是将其特征转换为脑电流、脑电波等复杂形式提供给大脑的。所以这个数据传递的过程本身不具备感知性。这样，也不难理解传感器不是物联网了，传感器只负责信息采集与信号转换，不具有感知性。</p>
<h3 id="2-6-RFID与物联网"><a href="#2-6-RFID与物联网" class="headerlink" title="2.6 RFID与物联网"></a>2.6 RFID与物联网</h3><p>RFID（射频标签），最早是60年代美国军方用来识别敌人信息的。其机理等同于0,1,2,3,4..一堆数字，等同于条形码，等同于二维码。不同的是数字人眼就可以识别，条形码、二维码手机等可以识别。所以RFID本身还是互联网技术不属于物联网。</p>
<p><code>RFID与茅台酒溯源可行吗</code></p>
<p>RFID作为食品溯源方面，早先茅台酒销量好，总会有坏人仿制假冒，干扰市场经济。为此呢，茅台酒的老总找我（刘海涛院长）说茅台酒用了100多种溯源方式，最终还是有假酒。其根本原因在于RFID属于被动标识。而物联网则属于主动感知，可用于实体世界。物联网用来食品溯源将会取得很好的效果。</p>
<h3 id="2-7-物联网与互联网是否对立"><a href="#2-7-物联网与互联网是否对立" class="headerlink" title="2.7 物联网与互联网是否对立"></a>2.7 物联网与互联网是否对立</h3><p>前面讲了那么多，有些人怀疑是不是物联网和互联网对立的？还有人说“互联网即将消失，物联网无所不能”（某IT巨头大佬是话，编者注）？这些观点都是错误的。</p>
<p>互联网不会消失，物联网也不是无所不能，也不是万物互联。<code>两者是相互融合的关系</code>。提到这里我们联系下5G。</p>
<ul>
<li>1G时代：通话</li>
<li>2G时代：通话，还可以发短信</li>
<li>3G时代：通话，短信，图片视频</li>
<li>4G时代：移动+互联网</li>
<li>5G时代：将是由高速公路过度到航空</li>
</ul>
<p>我们互联网时代的使用者是数亿，手机移动时代则是数十亿，而物联网时代会是数千亿。</p>
<h2 id="3-物联网与第四次工业革命"><a href="#3-物联网与第四次工业革命" class="headerlink" title="3 物联网与第四次工业革命"></a>3 物联网与第四次工业革命</h2><h3 id="3-1-互第四次工业革命"><a href="#3-1-互第四次工业革命" class="headerlink" title="3.1 互第四次工业革命"></a>3.1 互第四次工业革命</h3><ul>
<li>第一次工业革命：蒸汽机的发明</li>
<li>第二次工业革命：电力技术的发明</li>
<li>第三次工业革命：制造业跟IT电子结合</li>
<li>第四次工业革命：物理信息系统（德国叫法，即互联网）支持下的第四次革命，即物联网。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="3-2-互联网与物联网计费问题"><a href="#3-2-互联网与物联网计费问题" class="headerlink" title="3.2 互联网与物联网计费问题"></a>3.2 互联网与物联网计费问题</h3><p>互联网时代的计费是怎么样的形式呢？比如我们熟悉的淘宝、天猫这些。这个是收费的，当然作为购买用户是不收费的，针对商家收费。假如你是一个商家，在淘宝上你交的费，那么马云（严格说是阿里集团）拿到多少呢？首先马云要交通道费（各大电信服务商），剩下的数据费（平台信息费）就是马云的了。</p>
<p>如果在物联网时代，一个商家在淘宝上交的费用就省去了（信息感知费）</p>
<h3 id="3-3-物联网与类比软件"><a href="#3-3-物联网与类比软件" class="headerlink" title="3.3 物联网与类比软件"></a>3.3 物联网与类比软件</h3><p>我们对软件并不陌生，通常包括ERP软件、游戏软件、安全软件、画图软件、系统软件…分类庞杂。然而这些搞软件最牛的是哪家公司？是微软公司，为什么呢？因为它做的是系统软件。那么什么是系统软件？</p>
<p><code>操作系统：所有软件的共性部分</code></p>
<p>物联网的核心部分就是：共性架构+应用子集</p>
<p>（ps：当前说的物联网技术很多都是夸夸其谈）</p>
<h2 id="4-物联网的产业变革"><a href="#4-物联网的产业变革" class="headerlink" title="4 物联网的产业变革"></a>4 物联网的产业变革</h2><h3 id="4-1-物联网与智能交通"><a href="#4-1-物联网与智能交通" class="headerlink" title="4.1 物联网与智能交通"></a>4.1 物联网与智能交通</h3><p>我们现在开着汽车在农村穿行，如果没有红绿灯影响不大。倘若在大城市比如成都这样的城市，没有红绿灯就肯定会混论不堪。于是人们利用智慧发明了红绿灯，指导车俩运行，这里就是智能交通。为什么我说是智能交通而不是智慧交通？因为当凌晨的时候，路上没有多少车俩，你遇到红绿灯还需要等待，显示是不合理的。这里就是红绿灯控制车流量。而物联网应用到智能交通里面将改变这种局面，形成<code>车流量控制红绿灯</code>。</p>
<h3 id="4-2-物联网与安防"><a href="#4-2-物联网与安防" class="headerlink" title="4.2 物联网与安防"></a>4.2 物联网与安防</h3><p>我们当前采用的智能安防都是事后的，比如某地发生一起刑事案件，我们事后采用智能手段进行追踪、定位、抓捕、问责。而物联网时代的安防将改变这种局面，采用事前预防的方法，从而极大的提高我们安防问题。</p>
<h3 id="4-3-物联网与金融结合"><a href="#4-3-物联网与金融结合" class="headerlink" title="4.3 物联网与金融结合"></a>4.3 物联网与金融结合</h3><p>提起电子金融，我们首先想起支付宝和微信。互联网金融正面代表阿里、京东等等我们大家所熟知，更多的负面代表同样存在。其根本原因在于信息不对称，骗子们采用信息行骗，挑战社会公信度。传统时代，一个骗子欺骗需要面对面，一天骗2个，一辈子能骗多少？现在互联网诈骗可能达到几十万人、几百万人，涉及金额可以达到几百亿。而到了物联网时代将会改变支付手段和交互方式，让骗子无处行骗。当然物联网在金融领域还可以做很多事情。</p>
<h2 id="5-声明"><a href="#5-声明" class="headerlink" title="5 声明"></a>5 声明</h2><p>以上内容作者根据刘海涛老师<code>天府大讲堂</code>所做的笔记和回忆加工整理所得，旨在进行学术交流使用，严禁商业炒作和不法行为。若有错误或不妥之处敬请联系作者。转载需作者同意，否则追究相关责任。</p>

      
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              <div class="post-toc-content"><ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-特邀嘉宾-物联网首席科学家刘海涛"><span class="nav-number">1.</span> <span class="nav-text">1 特邀嘉宾:物联网首席科学家刘海涛</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-物联网的发展"><span class="nav-number">2.</span> <span class="nav-text">2 物联网的发展</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-1-物联网与互联网的输入方式"><span class="nav-number">2.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">2.1 物联网与互联网的输入方式</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-2-物联网与互联网的服务方式"><span class="nav-number">2.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">2.2 物联网与互联网的服务方式</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-3-物联网与互联网的思维方式"><span class="nav-number">2.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">2.3 物联网与互联网的思维方式</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-4-物联网与互联网的本质区别"><span class="nav-number">2.4.</span> <span class="nav-text">2.4 物联网与互联网的本质区别</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-5-传感器与物联网"><span class="nav-number">2.5.</span> <span class="nav-text">2.5 传感器与物联网</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-6-RFID与物联网"><span class="nav-number">2.6.</span> <span class="nav-text">2.6 RFID与物联网</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-7-物联网与互联网是否对立"><span class="nav-number">2.7.</span> <span class="nav-text">2.7 物联网与互联网是否对立</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-物联网与第四次工业革命"><span class="nav-number">3.</span> <span class="nav-text">3 物联网与第四次工业革命</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-1-互第四次工业革命"><span class="nav-number">3.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">3.1 互第四次工业革命</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-2-互联网与物联网计费问题"><span class="nav-number">3.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">3.2 互联网与物联网计费问题</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-3-物联网与类比软件"><span class="nav-number">3.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">3.3 物联网与类比软件</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#4-物联网的产业变革"><span class="nav-number">4.</span> <span class="nav-text">4 物联网的产业变革</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#4-1-物联网与智能交通"><span class="nav-number">4.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">4.1 物联网与智能交通</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#4-2-物联网与安防"><span class="nav-number">4.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">4.2 物联网与安防</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#4-3-物联网与金融结合"><span class="nav-number">4.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">4.3 物联网与金融结合</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#5-声明"><span class="nav-number">5.</span> <span class="nav-text">5 声明</span></a></li></ol></div>
            

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